Bioactive nanocomposites for the control of stone monuments biodeterioration
A conservation treatment of stone monuments meant for consolidation, protection, and inhibition of biofilm formation is proposed. This systematic investigation is aimed at producing nanocomposite coatings able to exert a marked biological activity over a long period of time thanks to their peculiar structure.. Read More

Chemical characterisation of graffiti materials
Spray paints and pen markers are frequently used to blot or damage various kinds of objects and buildings, but may also be employed for contemporary murals and paintings by famous artists such as Keith Haring and Bansky.. Read More

Biocleaning of graffiti
Removal of graffiti is usually performed with mechanical and/or chemical methods. Recently, alternative methods such as laser cleaning and biocleaning have been proposed. In this research we aimed to formulate new and eco-sustainable methods. In particular, two types of biocleaning tests were carried out: 1) enzymatic cleaning with lipase; 2) fungi based cleaning.. Read More

MALDI-TOF-MS methodologies for identification of paint binders
New protocols for MALDI-MS of lipids and proteins contained in a single small specimen of paint were developed. The first protocol is based on Bligh–Dyer (BD) extraction followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. For the first time it was demonstrated that the BD method is effective for the simultaneous extraction of lipids and proteins from complex, and atypical matrices, such as pigmented paint layers.. Read More

Integrated mass spectrometry approach for the chemical characterization of original paint tubes used by Edvard Munch
We are presently involved in two international projects in collaboration with the Munch Museum (Oslo) and the University of Oslo, aimed at understanding the painting techniques used by Edvard Munch (1863–1944), in order to select proper approaches for the restoration of his works.. Read More

Synthetic organic pigments: detection and identification in paint samples
The explosion of organic synthesis at the middle of XX century permitted the introduction on the market of a wide range of new synthetic molecules including organic pigments, thus enormously widening the range of organic colouring materials available to artists and manufacturers, with respect to the limited number of natural dyes and lakes.. Read More

Development and application of analytical tools to investigate composition and ageing processes of modern oil-based paint materials
Modern oil paint, industrially produced and sold in tubes as ready-made, diffused amongst artists since the end of the XX century. Modern oil paints present significant compositional differences with traditional natural oil paints.. Read More

Waterlogged archaeological wood: multi-analytical approach for decay diagnosis and evaluation of conservation treatments
Wooden artifacts from past societies provide information on culture and technology in the past. Their chemo-physical investigation and the comprehension of occurred and on-going decay processes is the first step towards assessing the best conservation strategies. Read More

Application of Ionic Liquids for the Direct Chemical Characterization of Waterlogged Archaeological Woods
The three-dimensional network that binds wood lignocellulosic components together makes it practically impossible to dissolve in its native form in conventional molecular solvents. Thus, it is important to find a non-derivatizing solvent that provide efficient dissolution in order to achieve a homogeneous reaction environment and to preserve the native structure of wood. Read More

Synthesis and characterization of lignin-silicone hybrid polymers as possible consolidants for decayed wood
The consolidation of samples of waterlogged wood was attempted using allylated lignin as cross-linker and compatibilizer in the silicone oil conservative treatment. During the curing of the composite, allylated lignin was reacted with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) hydride terminated on both the end of the silicone chain through a hydrosilylation reaction in the presence of the Karstedt’s catalyst. Read More